１９５７年国际偷渡公约(附英文)

【时效性】 有效
【签订地点】 布鲁塞尔
【签订日期】 1957/10/10
【生效日期】 1957/10/10
【失效日期】
【内容分类】 海事
【有效期限】
【题注】 简介：本公约于１９５７年１０月１０日在布鲁塞尔召开的第十届海洋法外交会议上通过，尚未生效。参加本公约的国家有：比利时、丹麦、芬兰、意大利、挪威、秘鲁、瑞典、马尔加什、摩洛哥等。
【正文】
各缔约国，
认识到通过协议确定有关偷渡的某些统一规定是合乎需要的，决定为此目的缔结一项公约，并协议如下：
第１条
在本公约中，下列名词具有下述特定涵义：
“偷渡者”，是指在任何港口或该港附近地点，未经船舶所有人或船长，或掌管船舶的任何其他人员的同意，而潜入船内，并在该船驶离上述港口或地点后仍留在船上的人。
“上船港”，是指在船上被发现的偷渡者登船的港口或该港附近地点。
“离船港”，是指根据本公约的规定，该偷渡者被送交给岸上适当机构所在地的港口。
“有关当局”，是指由离船港口所在国政府授权，在该港内设置的、按照本公约规定接受和处理偷渡者的机构或个人。
“船舶所有人”，包括光船租赁船舶的任何承租人。
第２条
（１）在某一缔约国登记的或悬挂某一缔约国国旗的船舶，如在任何航次中，在港内或海上发现偷渡者，除本条第（３）款另有规定外，该船船长可将该偷渡者送交在发现该偷渡者后该船第一个挂靠的、且船长认为将对偷渡者按本公约规定进行处理的、位于某一缔约国的有关当局；
（２）在将偷渡者送交有关当局时，船长须向该当局呈递一份经签字的报告。报告中载明他所掌握的有关该偷渡者的一切资料，包括其国籍、登船港、被发现时的日期、时间和船舶的地理位置，以及该船的驶离港和随后挂靠的港口，连同抵达和驶离的日期。
（３）除非根据事先发布的特殊命令，该偷渡者须被驱逐出境或被禁止入境，缔约国的有关当局应接受按照本条上述规定被送交的任何偷渡者，并按照本公约规定予以处理。
第３条
当偷渡者被送交给离船港的有关当局时：
（１）该当局可将他送回它认为他是该国国民，且该国承认他是其国民的任何国家。
（２）但是，如有关当局认为该偷渡者是该国国民的国家拒绝接受其回国，或该有关当局相信该偷渡者无国籍，或由于第５条第（２）款所述原因而不应将他送回本国，则除第５条第（２）款另有规定外，该有关当局可将该偷渡者送回它认为是他的登船港所在地的国家。
（３）但是，如不能按本条第（１）或第（２）款规定将该偷渡者送回，除第５条第（２）款另有规定外，有关当局可将偷渡者送回在他被发现以前船舶所挂靠的最后一个港口所在地的国家。
（４）最后，如不能按本条第（１）、（２）或（３）款规定将偷渡者送回，有关当局可将他送至他被发现的所在船舶所悬挂旗帜所属的缔约国。
偷渡者被送回的国家，除第２条第（３）款所述情况外，应接受该偷渡者。
第４条
偷渡者在离船港的生活费用，以及将他送回他是该国国民的国家的费用，应由船舶所有人支付，但并不影响船舶所有人向偷渡者是该国国民的国家追偿的权利。
在各种其他情况下，船舶所有人应支付将偷渡者送回的费用，但对偷渡者在被送交有关当局三个月以后的生活费用，不予承担。
作为支付上述费用的担保而提供押金或保证金的任何义务，应根据离船港的法律确定。
第５条
（１）本公约在处理偷渡者方面赋予船长和有关当局的权力，应是对他或他们原在这方面所具有的任何其他权力或义务的增加，而不是减少。
（２）在引用本公约的规定时，船长和离船港的有关当局，应考虑偷渡者可能提出的不离船或不被送回本公约所述国家的港口的理由。
（３）本公约的规定，毫不影响缔约国给予政治避难的权力或义务。
第６条
本公约对参加第十届海洋法外交会议的各国开放，以供签署。
第７条
本公约须经批准。批准书应交存比利时政府。该政府应通过外交途径，将批准书的交存情况通知所有签字国和加入国。
第８条
（１）本公约应自第十份批准书交存之日起六个月后在第一批批准它的十个国家之间生效。
（２）本公约对每一个在第十份批准书交存以后批准本公约的签字国，应自该国交存批准书之日起六月后生效。
第９条
未参加第十届海洋法外交会议的任何国家，可以加入本公约。
加入书应交存比利时政府。该政府应通过外交途径，将此种文件的交存情况通知所有签字国和加入国。
本公约应自加入国交存加入书之日起六个月后对该国生效，但不得早于第８条第（１）款规定的本公约生效日期。
第１０条
每一缔约国在本公约对该国生效以后的任何时候，有权退出本公约。但是，此种退出只在比利时政府接到此种通知之日起一年后生效。比利时政府应通过外交途径，将此种通知告知所有签字国和加入国。
第１１条
（１）任何缔约国在批准或加入本公约时，或以后任何时候，均可书面通知比利时政府，声明将本公约扩大适用于由其负责国际关系的任何领土。本公约应自比利时政府接到此种通知之日起六个月后，扩大适用于通知中指明的领土，但不得早于本公约对该缔约国生效的日期。
（２）根据本条第（１）款已声明将本公约扩大适用于由其负责国际关系的任何领土的任何缔约国，可在此后任何时候，通知比利时政府，声明不再将本公约扩大适用于此种领土。这种退出应自比利时政府接到此种通知之日起一年后生效。
（３）比利时政府应通过外交途径，将其收到的本条所述的任何通知，告知所有签字国和加入国。
第１２条
任何缔约国均可在本公约对该国生效三年后，或在此后任何时候，要求召开会议，以考虑对本公约进行修正。
欲行使此项权利的任何缔约国，应通知比利时政府，比利时政府则应在此后六个月之内召开会议。
经正式授权的各全权代表特签署本公约，以昭信守。
１９５７年１０月１０日订于布鲁塞尔，共一份，用法文和英文写成，两种文本具有同等效力，应存放于比利时政府档案库，经核证无误的副本由比利时政府颁发。




INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION RELATING TO STOWAWAYS, 1957

Whole document
The High Contracting Parties,
Having recognised the desirability of determining by agreement certain uniform rules relating to stowaways, have decided to conclude a Convention for this purpose and thereto have agreed as follows:

Article 1
In this Convention the following expressions shall have the meanings
specified hereunder:
"Stowaway" means a person who, at any port or place in the vicinity
thereof, secretes himself in a ship without the consent of the shipowner
or the Master or any other person in charge of the ship and who is on
board after the ship has left that port or place.
"Port of Embarkation" means the port or place in the vicinity thereof
at which a stowaway boards the ship on which he is found.
"Port of Disembarkation" means the port at which the stowaway is
delivered to the appropriate authority in accordance with the provisions
of this Convention.
"Appropriate authority" means the body or person at the port of
disembarkation authorised by the Government of the State in which that
port is situated to receive and deal with stowaways in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.
"Owner" includes any charterer to whom the ship is demised.

Article 2
(1) If on any voyage of a ship registered in or bearing the flag of a Contracting State a stowaway is found in a port or at sea, the Master of the ship may, subject to the provisions of paragraph (3), deliver the
stowaway to the appropriate authority at the first port in a Contracting
State at which the ship calls after the stowaway is found, and at which he considers that the stowaway will be dealt with in accordance with the
provisions of this Convention.
(2) Upon delivery of the stowaway to the appropriate authority, the
Master of the ship shall give to that authority a signed statement
containing all information in his possession relating to that stowaway
including his nationality or nationalities, his port of embarkation and
the date, time and geographical position of the ship when the stowaway was found, as well as the port of departure of the ship and the subsequent
ports of call with dates of arrival and departure.
(3) Unless the stowaway is under a previous individual order of
deportation or prohibition from entry, the appropriate authority of a
Contracting State shall receive any stowaway delivered to it in accordance
with the foregoing provisions of this Article and deal with him in
accordance with the provisions of this Convention.

Article 3
When a stowaway is delivered to the appropriate authority at the port
of disembarkation:
(1) This authority may return him to any State of which it considers
that he is a national and is admitted as such by that State.
(2) When, however, the State or States of which the appropriate
authority consider the stowaway to be a national refuses or refuse to
accept his return, or when the appropriate authority is satisfied that the stowaway possesses no nationality or that, for reasons mentioned in
Article 5 (2), he should not be returned to his own country, then the said
authority may, subject to the provisions of Article 5 (2), return the
stowaway to the State in which the port which they consider to have been
his port of embarkation is situated.
(3) However, if the stowaway cannot be returned as provided under
paragraph (1) or (2) of this Article, the appropriate authority may,
subject to the provisions of Article 5 (2), return him to the State in
which the last port at which the ship called prior to his being found is
situated.
(4) Finally, when the stowaway cannot be returned as provided under
paragraph (1), (2) or (3) of this Article, the appropriate authority may
return him to the Contracting State whose flag was flown by the ship in
which he was found.
The State to which the stowaway is accordingly returned, shall be
bound to accept the stowaway, subject to the provisions of Article 2 (3).

Article 4
The costs of maintenance of a stowaway at his port of disembarkation
as well as those for returning him to the country of which he is a
national shall be defrayed by the shipowner, without prejudice to the
right of recovery, if any, from the State of which the stowaway is a
national.
In all other cases the shipowner shall defray the costs of returning
the stowaway but he will not be liable to defray maintenance costs for a period exceeding three months from the time when the stowaway is delivered to the appropriate authority.
Any obligation to provide a deposit or bail as a guarantee for payment
of the above costs shall be determined by the law of the port of
disembarkation.

Article 5
(1) The powers conferred by this Convention on the Master of a ship
and on an appropriate authority, with respect to the disposal of a
stowaway, shall be in addition to and not in derogation of any other
powers or obligations which he or they may have in that respect.
(2) As regards the application of the provisions of this Convention,
the Master and the appropriate authorities of the port of disembarkation
will take into account the reasons which may be put forward by the
stowaway for not being disembarked at or returned to those ports of States
mentioned in this Convention.
(3) The provisions of this Convention shall not in any way affect the
power or obligation of a Contracting State to grant political asylum.

Article 6
This Convention shall be open for signature by the States represented
at the tenth session of the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Law.

Article 7
This Convention shall be ratified and the instruments of ratification
shall be deposited with the Belgian Government which shall notify through
diplomatic channels all signatory and acceding States of their deposit.

Article 8
(1) This Convention shall come into force between the ten States which
first ratify it, six months after the date of the deposit of the tenth
instrument of ratification.
(2) This Convention shall come into force in respect of each signatory
State which ratifies it after the deposit of the tenth instrument of
ratification, six months after the date of the deposit of the instrument
of ratification of that State.

Article 9
Any State not represented at the tenth session of the Diplomatic
Conference on Maritime Law may accede to this Convention.
The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Belgian
Government which shall inform through diplomatic channels all signatory
and acceding States of the deposit of any such instruments.
The Convention shall come into force in respect of the acceding State
six months after the date of the deposit of the instrument of accession of that State, but not before the date of entry into force of the Convention
as established by Article 8 (1).

Article 10
Each High Contracting Party shall have the right to denounce this
Convention at any time after the coming into force thereof in respect of
such High Contracting Party. Nevertheless, this denunciation shall only
take effect one year after the date on which notification thereof has been
received by the Belgian Government which shall inform through diplomatic
channels all signatory and acceding States of such notification.

Article 11
(1) Any High Contracting Party may at the time of its ratification of or accession to this Convention or at any time thereafter declare by
written notification to the Belgian Government that the Convention shall
extend to any of the territories for whose international relations it is
responsible. The Convention shall six months after the date of the receipt
of such notification by the Belgian Government extend to the territories
named therein, but not before the date of the coming into force of the
Convention in respect of such High Contracting Party.
(2) Any High Contracting party which has made a declaration under
paragraph (1) of this Article extending the Convention to any territory
for whose international relations it is responsible may at any time
thereafter declare by notification given to the Belgian Government that
the Convention shall cease to extend to such territory. This denunciation
shall take effect one year after the date on which notification thereof
has been received by the Belgian Government.
(3) The Belgian Government shall inform through diplomatic channels
all signatory and acceding States of any notification received by it under
this Article.

Article 12
Any High Contracting Party may three years after the coming into force
of this Convention in respect of such High Contracting Party or at any
time thereafter request that a Conference be convened in order to consider
amendments to this Convention.
Any High Contracting Party proposing to avail itself of this right
shall notify the Belgian Government which shall convene the Conference
within six months thereafter.
In witness whereof the Plenipotentiaries, duly authorized, have signed this Convention.
Done at Brussels, this tenth day of October 1957, in the French and
English languages, the two texts being equally authentic, in a single
copy, which shall remain deposited in the archives of the Belgian
Government, which shall issue certified copies.