１９５４年国际防止海洋油污染公约（经１９６２年和１９６９年修正）(附英文)

【时效性】 有效
【签订地点】 伦敦
【签订日期】 1954/05/12
【生效日期】 1954/05/12
【失效日期】
【内容分类】 海事
【有效期限】
【题注】
【正文】

简介：
１９５４年４月２６日至５月１２日在伦敦举行了防止船舶污染海洋的国际会议，会议起草并通过了“１９５４年国际防止海上油污染公约”。该公约于１９５８年７月２６日生效。在联合国政府间海事协商组织（以下简称“海协”，ＩＭＣＯ）未正式成立前，公约一直由英国政府保管，直至１９５９年才移交给海协。１９６２年和１９６９年作了两次修正，两个修正案分别于１９６７年６月２８日和１９７８年１月２０日生效。截止１９９１年底，公约及１９６２年和１９６９年修正案的缔约国有联合王国、墨西哥、瑞典、联邦德国……等６８个国家和地区，从１９８４年起荷兰等４国宣布退出（见附录）。

公约主要内容：
该公约由二十一项条款和一个附则组成。
公约规定了５００总吨以上的船舶排放油类或含油混合物的要求：
１．禁止在离岸５０海里（某些地区为７０－１００或１５０海里）内排放石油或含石油的混合物（下称含油混合物）；
２．允许排放含油混合物的油分浓度应小于１００ｐｐｍ；
３．船舶必须备有油类记录簿。

各国政府出席了１９５４年４月２６日至５月１２日在伦敦举行的国际油污染海洋会议，
愿根据共同协议采取行动，防止船舶排油污染海洋，并考虑到达到这一目的的最好办法是缔结一个公约，
因此委派并授权在此件最后署名（署名略）的全权代表协议如下：

第 一 条
１．就本公约而言，下列名词（除文中另有规定外）有其各自特定的意义，即：
“执行局”一词具有第二十一条所指定的意义；
“排放”一词涉及油类或含油混合物时，系指不论任何原因所引起的任何排放或逸漏；
“重柴油”系指船用柴油，不包括按美国材料试验协会的标准方法Ｄ８６／５９进行蒸馏试验时，试验温度在３４０℃以下，其馏出物体积超过５０％以上者；
“油量瞬间排放率”系指任一瞬间每小时排油公升数与同一瞬间船速节数之比。
“海里”系指一海里，即６０８０英尺或１８５２米；
“最近陆地”。“距最近陆地”一词，系指“距该领土按照１９５８年关于领海和邻接地区的日内瓦公约据以划定其领海的基线”；
“油类”系指原油，燃料油，重柴油和润滑油，“油性”一词应作相应解释；
“含油混合物”一词系指含任何油量的一种混合物；
“本组织”一词系指政府间海事协商组织；
“船舶”一词系指任何类型的由自身驱动或由他船拖带进行海上航行的船舶（包括浮动船艇）；“液货船”系指大部分货舱用于载运散装液体货物的船舶及临时载运油类的船舶。
２．就本公约而言，缔约国政府领土系指该政府所属的国家领土和由该政府负责其国际事务并按照第十八条规定适用本公约的任何其他领土。

第 二 条
１．本公约适用于在缔约国政府任一领土内登记的船舶并适用于未经登记而具有缔约国国籍的船舶，但下列船舶除外：
（１）１５０总吨以下的油船和５００总吨以下的其他船舶，只要缔约国政府根据其尺度、业务及其驱动所使用的燃料类型，采取合理可行的必要步骤，也可对其使用本公约的各项要求。
（２）暂时用于提炼鲸油工业并正在从事此项提炼作业的船舶；
（３）暂时航行于北美大湖区及与其相连和附属的水域中的船舶，该水域的东界可达加拿大魁北克省蒙特利尔市圣朗伯河闸下游出口处；
（４）海军船舰及暂时用于海军的辅助船舶。
２．各缔约国政府应采取适当措施，保证相应于本公约的各项要求在合理可行时适用于本条第１款第（４）项所指定的船舶。

第 三 条
根据第四条和第五条的规定：
１．除油船以外适用于本公约的船舶，禁止排放油类或含油混合物，当满足下列全部条件时除外：
（１）船舶正在航行途中；
（２）瞬间排油率不得超过每海里６０公升；
（３）排放的混合物含油量应少于１０ｐｐｍ；
（４）离陆地尽量远处排放。
２．适用于本公约的油船禁止排放油类或含油混合物，当满足下列全部条件时除外：
（１）油船正在航行途中；
（２）瞬间排油率不得超过每海里６０公升；
（３）在一个压载航次中排放总油量不得超过载油总容量的１／１５０００；
（４）油船离最近陆地５０海里以上。
３．本条第２款不适用于：
（１）从货油舱排放压舱水，该货油舱自最后一次载货后已清除了任何废液，若在晴朗天气从一艘静止的油船向平静清洁水域排放时，水面应没有可见的油迹；或
（２）从机舱舱底污水井排放油类或含油混合物，应按本条第１款规定办理。

第 四 条
第三条不适用于：
１．为保证船舶安全，防止船或货受损，或在海上救助人命，从而由船上排放油类或含油混合物；
２．因船舶受损或无法避免的渗漏，以致船上逸出油类或含油混合物，而在发生损坏或发现渗漏后已采取各种合理防护措施以防止与减少这种逸漏。

第 五 条
根据第二条第１款规定，在本公约对有关国家领土生效后的１２个月内，第三条不适用于船舶舱底的含油混合物的排放。

第 六 条
１．凡违犯第三条及第九条者，按照符合第二条第１款规定的船舶有关国家法律予以违章处罚。
２．按缔约国政府对任何领土的法律，船舶在领海外非法排放油类及含油混合物所课的处罚须适当，以阻止类似情况发生，并不应少于对领海内类似违法者所课的处罚。
３．各缔约国政府须向本组织据实报告每案的处罚结果。

第 七 条
１．当本公约对符合第二条第１款规定的船舶的有关领土生效１２个月后，此类船舶应有适当装备，藉以防止油类漏入舱底，除非已采取有效措施，保证舱底油类不作违反本公约的排放。
２．尽可能避免在燃料油舱内装载压载水。

第 八 条
１．每一缔约国政府须采取一切适当步骤促进提供下述设备：
（１）按船舶使用的需要，港口应提供足够的接收设备，以接收油船以外船舶经过油水分离后留待处理的残余物和含油混合物，而务求不致延误船期；
（２）装油港须提供足够的设备，以便接收油船上留待处理的残余物和含油混合物；
（３）修船港须提供足够设备，以便接收所有来修理的船舶留待处理的残余物和含油混合物。
２．每一缔约国政府须确定其领土内哪些港口及装油港适应本条第１款的各项规定。
３．就本条第１款规定，每一缔约国政府须向本组织报告各地设备欠缺情况，以便转达各有关缔约国政府。

第 九 条
１．适用本公约的船舶、每艘使用燃料油的船舶和每艘油船均须备有（如本公约附则中所规定格式的）油类记录簿，或作为船舶正式航海日的一部分，或采用其他形式。
２．船舶不论在何时进行以下任一作业时，每次均应逐舱记入油类记录簿：
（１）油轮：
①装载货油；
②航行途中转驳货油；
③卸货油；
④货舱压载；
⑤清洗货舱；
⑥排放含油压载水；
⑦从污油舱排水；
⑧处理残余物；
⑨在港口将机舱收集的含油舱底水排放至舷外，和在海上日常排放含油舱底水，后者如已记入相应的航海日中者除外。
（２）非油船：
①燃料油舱的压载和清洗；
②排放含油压载水或从燃料油舱中排放本项第①目所指的洗舱水；
③处理残余物；
④在港口将机舱收集的含油舱底水排放至舷外，和在海上日常排放含油舱底水，后者如已记入相应的航海日的除外。
即使发生如第四条所述的排放或逸漏油类或含油混合物，也必须在油类记录簿中注明排放或逸漏的情况和理由。
３．本条第２款所述的每个作业应及时而完整地记入油类记录簿，而使所记各项与完成作业情况相符。如该船配备有船员，则每页均须经负责驾驶员或主管有关作业的船员和船长签字。油类记录簿中记载的书面内容应使用按第二条第１款船舶有关国家的官方语言或使用英文或法文。
４．油类记录簿应放置在便于随时检查的地方，如系被拖带的无配员船舶，则应保存在主拖船上。记录簿用完后应保留二年。
５．缔约国任何领土的主管当局，在该领土的港口内可登上任何适用本公约的船舶，检查按本条规定要求在船上携带的油类记录簿，也可复制记录簿中填写的任何内容并可要求船长证实该复制件是所述内容的真实复制件。任何经船长证实为油类记录簿的内容的复制件可作为任何司法程序中说明所述事实的诉讼证据。主管当局根据本项规定采取的任何行动应尽可能迅速，不得延误船期。

第 十 条
１．违反本公约的事件无论在何处发生，任何缔约国政府可书面向符合本公约第二条第一款规定的船舶有关政府提出有关该船违反本公约任何规定的证明。如这样做是实际可行的，缔约国政府的主管当局应把违章案件通知该船船长。
２．被通知的政府收到详细材料后应进行调查，并可要求其他政府提供进一步的违章详细情报。如被通知的政府认为按其法律证据已足够起诉违章船东或船长时，则诉讼应尽早进行。该政府应将收到通知后所采取的行动立即通知由其官员提出违章事件报告的政府和本组织。

第十一条
本公约不得被解释为缔约国在其管辖权内对公约涉及的任何事件降低其采取措施的权力，或解释为扩大任何缔约国政府的管辖权。

第十二条
每一缔约国政府应向执行局与联合国适当机构送交：
１．与本公约有关的现行的该国法律、法令、命令和条例的文本。
２．有关本公约实施结果的正式报告或摘要，以该国政府认为非机密文件为限。

第十三条
缔约国政府间对本公约的解释和实施所引起的任何争议，不能通过协商解决时，在任何一方请求下，可提请国际法院予以裁决，但争议双方同意交付仲裁者例外。

第十四条
１．本公约自本日起三个月内开放签署，三个月后继续开放，以供接受。
２．参照第十五条，联合国或专门机构的成员国政府，或国际法院的成员均可成为本公约成员，但须：
（１）签署无保留接受；
（２）签署随后再接受；或
（３）接受。
３．接受将在文件交存执行局后生效，执行局将收到的每一份签署文件和交存的接受文件以及签署或交存日期，通知所有已签署或接受本公约的政府。

第十五条
１．本公约应在至少有１０国政府已成为本公约的缔约国之日起１２个月后生效，这１０个国家政府中的５国政府各自至少拥有５０万总吨位的油船。
２．
（１）对无保留签署本公约的每一政府，或按本条第１款对本公约生效日期以前接受的每一政府而言，本公约在公约生效之日起生效。对公约生效后接受的每一政府而言，本公约应在各该政府交存接受文件之日起三个月后生效。
（２）执行局应尽快将本公约行将生效日期通知所有已签字或已接受本公约的政府。

第十六条
１．
（１）本公约经各缔约国政府一致同意后可以修正。
（２）经任一缔约国政府要求，本组织应将其提出的修正案递交各缔约国政府考虑并按本条款予以接受。
２．
（１）任何缔约国政府在任何时候都可向本组织提出对本公约修正案的建议，这些建议若经本组织的海上安全委员会三分之二多数推荐，又经海协大会三分之二多数通过，应由本组织通知所有缔约国政府以供接受。
（２）任何由海上安全委员会提出的建议案，应在大会审议之前六个月由本组织通知所有缔约国政府考虑。
３．
（１）经三分之一缔约国政府的要求，讨论缔约国政府建议的修正案的政府会议，可以随时由本组织召开。
（２）经缔约国政府会议三分之二以上通过的修正案应由本组织递交所有缔约国政府考虑接受。
４．按本条第２款或第３款规定递交各缔约国政府供接受的修正案，在缔约国政府三分之二以上通过之日起１２个月后生效，但在未生效之前声明不接受者除外。
５．包括代表海上安全委员会成员中三分之二的政府和经本公约三分之二缔约国政府同意，由三分之二多数表决的大会，或根据本条第３款召开的由三分之二表决的会议，可以在通过决定修正案时具有这样一个重要的性质，即任何按本条第４款作出声明的缔约国政府和在修正案生效后十二个月内不接受该修正案的政府将在期满时停止成为本公约的缔约国。
６．本组织须将按本条规定生效的修正案及其生效日期一并通知所有缔约国政府。
７．对本条的任何接受或声明须书面通知本组织；本组织将收到的接受或声明的文件通知各缔约国政府。

第十七条
１．任何缔约国政府，在本公约对该政府生效满５年后，可随时退出本公约。
２．退出应以书面通知执行局，执行局应将收到退约通知书和收到日期一并通知各缔约国政府。
３．在执行局收到通知１２个月后，或按通知中注明较长的期限后，退出才生效。

第十八条
１．
（１）联合国或任一缔约国政府应尽早与由联合国负责管理的地区和由该缔约国政府负责其国际关系的地区协商，努力使本公约能扩大适用于这类地区，并随时以书面通知执行局，声明本公约也实施于该地区。
（２）本公约自收到通知之日起，或由通知中指定的日期起，扩大适用于通知中所指明的地区。
２．
（１）联合国负责管理的地区，或任一曾按本条第１款声明的缔约国政府，自本公约扩大适用于任何领土之日起５年后，可以随时书面通知执行局，声明本公约终止扩大适用于通知中所指领土。
（２）自执行局收到上述通知之日起一年后，或通知中指定的较长期限以后，本公约即终止扩大适用于通知中所指任何领土。
３．执行局应将根据本条第１款本公约扩大适用和根据本条第２款规定终止扩大适用于任何领土的情况通知所有缔约国政府，并逐一说明本公约已扩大适用或将终止扩大适用的日期。

第十九条
１．如遇战争或其他敌对行为，缔约国政府认为他们不论作为交战国或中立国，都将受到影响时，可以在其全部或任何一部分领土上中止施行本公约全部或其中的任一部分，中止施行的政府应立即将上述任何中止事项通知执行局。
２．中止施行本公约的政府可在任何时候结束这种中止，并一俟有理由结束本条第１款所指的中止时，应尽快结束这一中止。有关政府应立即将结束这种中止的通知送达执行局。
３．执行局应将根据本条规定的任何中止施行事项或结束中止事项，通知所有缔约国政府。

第二十条
本公约一经生效，执行局应立即将其向联合国秘书长登记。

第二十一条
在政府间海事协商组织正式成立和接管１９４８年３月６日日内瓦海事协商组织公约赋予该组织的职责之前，执行局的职责由大不列颠和北爱尔兰联合王国执行，直至上述组织履行执行局的职责为止。




根据海协大会Ａ．８（Ｉ）决议，执行局职责已于１９５９年６月１５日移交海协。


１９５４年５月１２日定于伦敦。本公约正本一份，用英文和法文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。公约由执行局保存，执行局应将核证无误的副本送交所有签约者和缔约国政府。





INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF POLLUTION OF THESEA BY OIL, 1954 (AS AMENDED IN 1962 AND 1969)

Whole document
The Governments represented at the International Conference on
Pollution of the Sea by Oil held in London from April 26, 1954 to May 12,
1954, Desiring to take action by common agreement to prevent pollution of the sea by oil discharged from ships, and considering that this end may best be achieved by the conclusion of a Convention,
Have accordingly appointed the undersigned plenipotentiaries *, who,
having communicated their full powers, found in good and due form, have
agreed as follows:

Article I
(1) For the purposes of the present Convention, the following
expressions shall (unless the context otherwise requires) have the
meanings hereby respectively assigned to them that is to say:
`The Bureau' has the meaning assigned to it by Article XXI;
`Discharge' in relation to oil or to oily mixture means any
discharge or escape howsoever caused;
`Heavy diesel oil' means diesel oil, other than those distillates
of which more than 50 per cent by volume distils at a temperature not
exceeding 340 ℃. when tested by A.S.T.M.Standard Method D.86/59;
`Instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content' means the rate of discharge of oil in litres per hour at any distant divided by the speed of the ship in knots at the same instant;
`Mile' means a nautical mile of 6,080 feet or 1,852 metres;
"Nearest land'. The term `from the nearest land' means `from the
baseline from which the territorial sea of the territory in question is
established in accordance with the Geneva Convention on the Territorial
Sea and The Contiguous Zone, 1958':
`Oil' means crude oil, fuel oil, heavy diesel oil and lubricating
oil, and `oily' shall be construed accordingly;
`Oily mixture' means a mixture with any oil content;
`Organization' means the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative
Organization;
`Ship' means any sea-going vessel of any type whatsoever,
including floating craft, whether self-propelled or towed by another
vessel, making a sea voyage; and `tanker' means a ship in which the
greater part of the cargo space is constructed or adapted for the carriage
of liquid cargoes in bulk and which is not, for the time being, carrying
a cargo other than oil in that part of its cargo space.
(2) For the purposes of the present Convention, the territories of a Contracting Government mean the territory of the country of which it is the Government and any other territory for the international relations of which it is responsible and to which the Convention shall have been
extended under Article X V III.

Article II
(1) The present Convention shall apply to ships registered in any of
the territories of a Contracting Government and to unregistered ships
having the nationality of a Contracting Party, except:
(a) tankers of under 150 tons gross tonnage and other ships of
under 500 tons gross tonnage, provided that each Contracting Government
will take the necessary steps, so far as is reasonable and practicable, to apply the requirements of the Convention to such ships also, having regard to their size, service and the type of fuel used for their propulsion;
(b) ships for the time being engaged in the whaling industry when
actually employed on whaling operations;
(c) ships for the time being navigating the Great Lakes of North
America and their connecting and tributary waters as far east as the lower
exit of St. Lambert Lock at Montreal in the Province of Quebec, Canada;
(d) naval ships and ships for the time being used as naval
auxiliaries.
(2) Each Contracting Government undertakes to adopt appropriate
measures ensuring that requirements equivalent to those of the present
Convention are, so far as is reasonable and practicable, applied to the
ships referred to in sub-paragraph (d) of paragraph (l) of this Article.

Article III
Subject to the provisions of Articles IV and V:
(a) the discharge from a ship to which the present Convention
applies, other than a tanker, of oil or oily mixture shall be prohibited
except when the following conditions are all satisfied:
(i) the ship is proceeding en route;
(ii) the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does
not exceed 60 litres per mile;
(iii) the oil content of the discharge is less than 10 parts
per 1,000,000 parts of the mixture;
(iv) the discharge is made as far as practicable from land;
(b) the discharge from a tanker to which the present Convention
applies of oil or oily mixture shall be prohibited except when the
following conditions are all satisfied:
(i) the tanker is proceeding en route;
(ii) the instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does
not exceed 60 litres per mile;
(iii) the total quantity of oil discharged on a ballast voyage
does not exceed 1/15,000 of the total cargo-carrying capacity;
(iv) the tanker is more than 50 miles from the nearest land;
(c) the provisions of sub-paragraph (b) of this Article shall not
apply to:
(i) the discharge of ballast from a cargo tank which, since
the cargo was last carried therein, has been so cleaned that any effluent
therefrom, if it were discharged from a stationary tanker into clean calm
water on a clear day, would produce no visible traces of oil on the
surface of the water; or
(ii) the discharge of oil or oily mixture from machinery space
bilges, which shall be governed by the provisions of sub-paragraph (a) of this Article.

Article IV
Article III shall not apply to:
(a) the discharge of oil or of oily mixture from a ship for the
purpose of securing the safety of a ship, preventing damage to a ship or
cargo, or saving life at sea;
(b) the escape of oil or of oily mixture resulting from damage to a ship or unavoidable leakage, if all reasonable precautions have been
taken after the occurrence of the damage or discovery of the leakage for
the purpose of preventing or minimizing the escape;

Article V
Article III shall not apply to the discharge of oily mixture from the
bilges of a ship during the period of twelve months following the date on which the present Convention comes into force for the relevant territory in accordance with paragraph (1) of Article II.

Article VI
(1) Any contravention of Articles III and IX shall be an offence
punishable under the law of the relevant territory in respect of the ship
in accordance with paragraph (l) of Article II.
(2) The penalties which may be imposed under the law of any of the
territories of a Contracting Government in respect of the unlawful
discharge from a ship of oil or oily mixture outside the territorial sea
of that territory shall be adequate in severity to discourage any such
unlawful discharge and shall not be less than the penalties which may be
imposed under the law of that territory in respect of the same
infringements within the territorial sea.
(3) Each Contracting Government shall report to the Organization the
penalties actually imposed for each infringement.

Article VII
(1) As from a date twelve months after the present Convention comes
into force for the relevant territory in respect of a ship in accordance
with paragraph (1) of Article II, such a ship shall be required to be so fitted as to prevent, as far as reasonable and practicable, the escape of oil into bilges, unless effective means are provided to ensure that the oil in the bilges is not discharged in contravention of this Convention.
(2) Carrying water ballast in oil fuel tanks shall be avoided if
possible.

Article VIII
(1) Each Contracting Government shall take all appropriate steps to
promote the provision of facilities as follows:
(a) according to the needs of ships using them, ports shall be
provided with facilities adequate for the reception, without causing undue delay to ships, of such residues and oily mixtures as would remain for disposal from ships other than tankers if the bulk of the water had been separated from the mixture;
(b) oil loading terminals shall be provided with facilities,
adequate for the reception of such residues and oily mixtures as would
similarly remain for disposal by tankers;
(c) ship repair ports shall be provided with facilities adequate
for the reception of such residues and oily mixtures as would similarly
remain for disposal by all ships entering for repairs.
(2) Each Contracting Government shall determine which are the ports
and oil loading terminals in its territories suitable for the purposes of sub-paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph (1) of this Article.
(3) As regards paragraph (1) of this Article, each Contracting
Government shall report to the Organization, for transmission to the
Contracting Government concerned, all cases where the facilities are
alleged to be inadequate.

Article IX
(1) Of the ships to which the present Convention applies, every ship
which uses oil fuel and every tanker shall be provided with an oil record
book, whether as part of the ship's official log book or otherwise, in the form specified in the Annex to this Convention.
(2) The oil record books shall be completed on each occasion, on a
tank-to-tank basis, whenever any of the following operations take place
in the ship:
(a) for tankers:
(i) loading of oil cargo;
(ii) transfer of oil cargo during voyage;
(iii) discharge of oil cargo;
(iv) ballasting of cargo tanks;
(v) cleaning of cargo tanks;
(vi) discharge of dirty ballast;
(vii) discharge of water from slop-tanks;
(viii) disposal of residues;
(ix) discharge overboard of bilge water containing oil which
has accumulated in machinery spaces whilst in port, and the routine
discharge at sea of bilge water containing oil unless the latter has been
entered in the appropriate log book;
(b) for ships other than tankers:
(i) ballasting or cleaning of bunker fuel tanks;
(ii) discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from tanks
referred to under (i) of this sub-paragraph;
(iii) disposal of residues;
(iv) discharge overboard of bilge water containing oil which
has accumulated in machinery spaces whilst in port, and the routine
discharge at sea of bilge water containing oil unless the latter has been
entered in the appropriate log book.
In the event of such discharge or escape of oil or oily mixture as is referred to in Article IV, a statement shall be made in the oil record
book of the circumstances of, and the reason for, the discharge or escape.
(3) Each operation described in paragraph (2) of this Article shall be fully recorded without delay in the oil record book so that all the
entries in the book appropriate to that operation are completed. Each page
of the book shall be signed by the officer or officers in charge of the
operations concerned and, when the ship is manned, by the master of the
ship. The written entries in the oil record book shall be in an official
language of the relevant territory in respect of the ship in accordance
with the paragraph (1) of Article II, or in English or French.
(4) Oil record books shall be kept in such a place as to be readily
available for inspection at all reasonable times, and, except in the case
of unmanned ships under tow, shall be kept on board the ship. They shall
be preserved for a period of two years after the last entry has been made.
(5) The competent authorities of any of the territories of a
Contracting Government may inspect on board any ship to which the present
Convention applies, while within a port in that territory, the oil record
book required to be carried in the ship in compliance with the provisions
of this Article, and may make a true copy of any entry in that book and
may require the master of the ship to certify that the copy is a true copy
of such entry. Any copy so made which purports to have been certified by
the master of the ship as a true copy of an entry in the ship's oil record
book shall be made admissible in any judicial proceedings as evidence of
the facts stated in the entry. Any action by the competent authorities
under this paragraph shall be taken as expeditiously as possible and the
ship shall not be delayed.

Article X
(1) Any Contracting Government may furnish to the Government of the
relevant territory in respect of the ship in accordance with paragraph (1) of Article II particulars in writing of evidence that any provision of the present Convention has been contravened in respect of that ship,
wheresoever the alleged contravention may have taken place. If it is
practicable to do so, the competent authorities of the former Government
shall notify the master of the ship of the alleged contravention.
(2) Upon receiving such particulars, the Government so informed shall
investigate the matter, and may request the other Government to furnish
further or better particulars of the alleged contravention. If the
Government so informed is satisfied that sufficient evidence is available
in the form required by its law to enable proceedings against the owner or master of the ship to be taken in respect of the alleged contravention, it shall cause such proceedings to be taken as soon as possible. That
Government shall promptly inform the Government whose official has
reported the alleged contravention, as well as the Organization, of the
action taken as a consequence of the information communicated.

Article XI
Nothing in the present Convention shall be construed as derogating
from the powers of any Contracting Government to take measures within its
jurisdiction in respect of any matter to which the Convention relates or
as extending the jurisdiction of any Contracting Government.

Article XII
Each Contracting Government shall send to the Bureau and to the
appropriate organ of the United Nations:
(a) the text of laws, decrees, orders and regulations in force in its territories which give effect to the present Convention;
(b) all official reports or summaries of official reports in so
far as they show the results of the application of the provisions of the
Convention, provided always that such reports or summaries are not, in the opinion of that Government, of a confidential nature.

Article XIII
Any dispute between Contracting Governments relating to the
interpretation or application of the present Convention which cannot be
settled by negotiation shall be referred at the request of either party to the International Court of Justice for decision unless the parties in
dispute agree to submit it to arbitration.

Article XIV
(1) The present Convention shall remain open for signature for three
months from this day's date and shall thereafter remain open for
acceptance.
(2) Subject to Article XV, the Governments of States Members of the
United Nations or of any of the Specialized Agencies or parties to the
Statute of the International Court of Justice may become parties to the
present Convention by:
(a) signature without reservation as to acceptance;
(b) signature subject to acceptance followed by acceptance, or
(c) acceptance.
(3) Acceptance shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of
acceptance with the Bureau, which shall inform all Governments that have
already signed or accepted the present Convention of each signature and
deposit of an acceptance and of the date of such signature or deposit.

Article XV
(1) The present Convention shall come into force twelve months after
the date on which not less than ten Governments have become parties to the Convention, including five Governments of countries each with not less
than 500,000 gross tons of tanker tonnage.
(2) (a) For each Government which signs the Convention without
reservation as to acceptance or accepts the Convention before the date on which the Convention comes into force in accordance with paragraph (1) of this Article it shall come into force on that date. For each Government
which accepts the Convention on or after that date, it shall come into
force three months after the date of the deposit of that Government's
acceptance.
(b) The Bureau shall, as soon as possible, inform all Governments
which have signed or accepted the Convention of the date on which it will
come into force.

Article XVI
(1) (a) The present Convention may be amended by unanimous agreement
between the Contracting Governments.
(b) Upon request of any Contracting Government a proposed
amendment shall be communicated by the Organization to all Contracting
Governments for considerating and acceptance under this paragraph.
(2) (a) An amendment to the present Convention may be proposed to the
Organization at any time by any Contracting Government, and such proposal
if adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Assembly of the Organization
upon recommendation adopted by a two-thirds majority of the Maritime
Safety Committee of the Organization shall be communicated by the
Organization to all Contracting Governments for their acceptance.
(b) Any such recommendation by the Maritime Safety Committee shall be communicated by the Organization to all Contracting Governments for their consideration at least six months before it is considered by the Assembly.
(3) (a) A conference of Governments to consider amendments to the
present Convention proposed by any Contracting Government shall at any
time be convened by the Organization upon the request of one-third of the
Contracting Governments.
(b) Every amendment adopted by such conference by a two-thirds
majority of the Contracting Governments shall be communicated by the
Organization to all Contracting Governments for their acceptance.
(4) Any amendment communicated to Contracting Governments for their
acceptance under paragraph (2) or (3) of this Article shall come into
force for all Contracting Governments, except those which before it comes into force make a declaration that they do not accept the amendment,
twelve months after the date on which the amendment is accepted by
two-thirds of the Contracting Governments.
(5) The Assembly, by a two-thirds majority vote, including two thirds
of the Governments represented on the Maritime Safety Committee, and
subject to the concurrence of two-thirds of the Contracting Governments to the present Convention, or a conference convened under paragraph (3) of this Article by a two-thirds majority vote, may determine at the time of its adoption that the amendment is of such an important nature that any Contracting Government which makes a declaration under paragraph (4) of this Article and which does not accept the amendment within a period of twelve months after the amendment comes into force, shall, upon the expiry of this period, cease to be a party to the present Convention.
(6) The Organization shall inform all Contracting Governments of any
amendments which come into force under this Article, together with the
date on which such amendments shall come into force.
(7) Any acceptance or declaration under this Article shall be made by a notification in writing to the Organization which shall notify all
Contracting Governments of the receipt of the acceptance or declaration.

Article XVII
(1) The present Convention may be denounced by any Contracting
Government at any time after the expiration of a period of five years from
the date on which the Convention comes into force for that Government.
(2) Denunciation shall be effected by a notification in writing
addressed to the Bureau, which shall notify all the Contracting
Governments of any denunciation received and of the date of its receipt.
(3) A denunciation shall take effect twelve months, or such longer
period as may be specified in the notification, after its receipt by the
Bureau.

Article XVIII
(1) (a) the United Nations in cases where they are the administering
authority for a territory or any Contracting Government responsible for
the international relations of a territory shall as soon as possible
consult with such territory in an endeavour to extend the present
Convention to that territory and may at any time by notification in
writing given to the Bureau declare that the Convention shall extend to
such territory.
(b) The present Convention shall from the date of the receipt of
the notification or from such other date as may be specified in the
notification extend to the territory named therein.
(2) (a) The United Nations in cases where they are the administering
authority for a territory or any Contracting Government which has made a declaration under paragraph (1) of this Article, at any time after the
expiry of a period of five years from the date on which the present
Convention has been so extended to any territory, may be a notification in writing given to the Bureau after consultation with such territory declare that the Convention shall cease to extend to any such territory named in the notification.
(b) The present Convention shall cease to extend to any territory
mentioned in such notification one year, or such longer period as may be
specified therein, after the date of receipt of the notification by the
Bureau.
(3) The Bureau shall inform all the Contracting Governments of the
extension of the present Convention to any territory under paragraph (1)
of this Article, and of the termination of any such extension under the
provisions of paragraph (2) stating in each case the date from which the
Convention has been or will cease to be so extended.

Article XIX
(1) In case of war or other hostilities, a Contracting Government
which considers that it is affected, whether as a belligerent or as a
neutral, may suspend the operation of the whole or any part of the present
Convention in respect of all or any of its territories. The suspending
Government shall immediately give notice of any such suspension to the
Bureau.
(2) The suspending Government may at any time terminate such
suspension and shall in any event terminate it as soon as it ceases to be justified under paragraph (1) of this Article. Notice of such termination shall be given immediately to the Bureau by the Government concerned.
(3) The Bureau shall notify all Contracting Governments of any
suspension or termination of suspension under this Article.

Article XX
As soon as the present Convention comes into force it shall be
registered by the Bureau with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article XXI
The duties of the Bureau shall be carried out by the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland * unless and until
the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization comes into being and takes over the duties assigned to it under the Convention signed at Geneva on the 6th day of March, 1948, and thereafter the duties of the
Bureau shall be carried out by the said Organization.
[* Transferred to IMCO June 15, 1959 in accordance with Assembly
Resolution A. 8 (1).]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned plenipotentiaries have signed the
present Convention **.
[** Signatures omitted.]
DONE IN LONDON this twelfth day of May, 1954, in English and French,
both texts being equally authoritative, in a single copy, which shall be
deposited with the Bureau and of which the Bureau shall transmit certified
copies to all signatory and Contracting Governments.

为了便于海运国家接受１９５４年防污公约，１９６２年３月２６日至４月１３日召开了国际会议，对该公约作了修正。１９６２年修正案对排放规定修正如下：
１．扩大原公约规定的适用范围，即适用于１５０总吨及以上的油船和５００总吨及以上的其他船舶；
２．禁止在离岸１００海里或１５０海里以内排放油类或含油混合物；
３．禁止２万总吨以上的油船在海上任何地区排放油类或含油混合物；
４．要求缔约国港口和装卸站提供接收设施，并成立监督机构。
１９６９年１０月２１日海协Ａ．１７５（Ⅳ）决议对１９５４年防污公约作了进一步的修正：
１．对１５０总吨及以上的油船必须符合下列条件才能允许排放油类或含油混合物：
（１）在航行途中；
（２）油量瞬间排放率为每海里不超过６０公升；
（３）距最近陆地５０海里以上；
（４）一次压载航程中的总排油量不得超过载油总量的１／１５０００。
２．对５００总吨及以上的各类船舶机舱舱底污水应符合下列条件才能排放：
（１）在航行途中；
（２）油量瞬间排放率每海里不得超过６０公升；
（３）排放物的含油量应小于１００ｐｐｍ；
（４）排放时尽可能远离陆地。
３．允许从货油舱排放压载水，但必须符合在晴朗天气，从静止的油船向清洁静水排放时，在水面上不留明显油迹的要求。
１９７１年海协第七届大会通过了两项对１９５４年防污公约修正的决议：
１．对大堡礁（Ｇｒｅａｔ Ｂａｒｒｉｅｒ Ｒｅｅｆ）进行特殊保护；
２．限制油舱容积和油舱布置。

但是，１９７１年修正案尚未生效。


附 录（按缔约国加入公约的日期顺次排列）
缔约国 交存文件日期 生效日期
英 国 １９５５．５．６ １９５８．７．２６
墨西哥 １９５６．５．１０ １９５８．７．２６
瑞 典 １９５６．５．２４ １９５８．７．２６
联邦德国 １９５６．６．１１ １９５８．７．２６
丹 麦 １９５６．１１．２６ １９５８．７．２６
加拿大 １９５６．１２．１９ １９５８．７．２６
挪 威 １９５７．１．２６ １９５８．７．２６
爱尔兰 １９５７．２．１３ １９５８．７．２６
比利时 １９５７．４．１６ １９５８．７．２６
法 国 １９５７．７．２６ １９５８．７．２６
荷 兰 １９５８．７．２４ １９５８．７．２６
芬 兰 １９５８．１２．３０ １９５９．３．３０
波 兰 １９６１．２．２８ １９６１．５．２８
美 国 １９６１．９．８ １９６１．１２．８
科威特 １９６１．１１．２７ １９６２．２．２７
冰 岛 １９６２．２．２３ １９６２．５．２３
利比里亚 １９６２．３．２８ １９６２．６．２８
加 纳 １９６２．５．１７ １９６２．８．１７
荷属安替利斯群岛 １９６２．５．２０ １９６２．７．２０
澳大利亚 １９６２．８．２９ １９６２．１１．２９
埃 及 １９６３．４．２２ １９６３．７．２２
约 旦 １９６３．５．８ １９６３．８．８
多米尼加 １９６３．５．２９ １９６３．８．２９
巴拿马 １９６３．９．２５ １９６３．１２．２５
菲律宾 １９６３．１１．１９ １９６４．２．１９
委内瑞拉 １９６３．１２．１２ １９６４．３．１２
阿尔及利亚 １９６４．１．２０ １９６４．４．２０
西班牙 １９６４．１．２２ １９６４．４．２２
意大利 １９６４．５．２２ １９６４．８．２２
马达加斯加 １９６５．２．１ １９６５．５．１
以色列 １９６５．１１．１１ １９６６．２．１１
瑞 士 １９６６．１．１２ １９６６．４．１２
象牙海岸 １９６７．３．１７ １９６７．６．１７
希 腊 １９６７．３．２８ １９６７．６．２８
葡萄牙 １９６７．３．２８ １９６７．６．２８
黎巴嫩 １９６７．５．３１ １９６７．８．３１
日 本 １９６７．８．２１ １９６７．１１．２１
尼日利亚 １９６８．１．２２ １９６８．４．２２
摩洛哥 １９６８．２．２９ １９６８．５．２９
叙利亚 １９６８．１２．２４ １９６９．３．２４
民主也门 １９６９．５．２０ １９６９．８．２０
苏 联 １９６９．９．３ １９６９．１２．３
摩纳哥 １９７０．３．２５ １９７０．６．２５
新西兰 １９７１．６．１ １９７１．９．１
沙特阿拉伯 １９７１．１２．３０ １９７２．３．３０
利比亚 １９７２．２．１８ １９７２．５．１８
塞内加尔 １９７２．３．２７ １９７２．６．２７
斐 济 １９７２．８．１５ １９７２．１１．１５
突尼斯 １９７３．６．１１ １９７３．９．１１
印 度 １９７４．３．４ １９７４．６．４
南斯拉夫 １９７４．３．１１ １９７４．６．１１
马耳他 １９７５．１．１０ １９７５．４．１０
奥地利 １９７５．５．１９ １９７５．８．１９
波多黎各，关岛，巴拿巴运河 １９７５．９．９ １９７５．９．９
区维尔琴群岛，美属萨摩亚，
太平洋岛屿的联合国托管领域
肯尼亚 １９７５．９．１２ １９７５．１２．１２
乌拉圭 １９７５．１２．９ １９７６．３．９
中途群岛，威克岛，约翰斯顿岛 １９７６．３．１８ １９７６．３．１８
巴哈马 １９７６．７．２２ １９７６．１０．２２
阿根廷 １９７６．９．３０ １９７６．１２．３０
保加利亚 １９７６．１０．２８ １９７７．１．２８
苏里南 １９７６．１２．１ １９７７．３．１
智 利 １９７７．８．２ １９７７．１１．２
韩 国 １９７８．７．３１ １９７８．１０．３１
民主德国 １９７９．１．２５ １９７９．４．２５
也 门 １９７９．３．６ １９７９．６．６
卡塔尔 １９８０．１．３１ １９８０．５．１
巴布亚新几内亚 １９８０．３．１２ １９８０．６．１２
塞浦路斯 １９８０．６．１０ １９８０．９．１０
百慕大 １９８０．９．１９ １９８０．１２．１
马尔代夫 １９８２．５．１７ １９８２．８．１７
瓦努阿图 １９８３．２．２ １９８３．５．２
阿拉伯联合酋长国 １９８３．１２．１５ １９８４．３．１５
下列国家已退出本公约：
退出国家 退出生效日期
荷兰和荷属安替利斯群岛 １９８４．６．１
保加利亚 １９８５．１２．１２
澳大利亚 １９８８．１０．１４
德 国 １９８９．３．３０