《１９７８年国际海员培训、发证和值班标准公约》的１９９１年修正案(附英文)

【时效性】 有效
【签订地点】
【签订日期】 1991/01/01
【生效日期】 1991/01/01
【失效日期】
【内容分类】 海事
【有效期限】
【题注】
【正文】

《１９７８年国际海员培训、发证和值班标准公约》的１９９１年修正案


第Ⅰ章 总 则

第１条 定 义
把第（ｋ）和（１）款的原有条文改为：
“（ｋ）‘无线电操作人员’系指持有主管机关按照《无线电规则》规定颁发或承认的与全球海上遇险安全系统有关的适当证书者。”
（ｐ）以“本组织的建议案”代替“海协建议案”。
（ｒ）删去“海协”二字。
（ｓ）删去“海协”二字。
将（ｋ）至（ｓ）款改为（ｋ）至（ｒ）款。

第２条 证书的内容和签证的格式
将第２款第１行改为：
“关于无线电操作人员，主管机关可：”。

第４条 监督程序
在第３款，以“无线电操作人员”代替“电报员”。
增加新规定如下：

“第５条 试验的实施
１．这些条款不得妨碍主管机关授权有权悬挂其国旗的船舶参与试验。
２．就本条而言，‘试验’这词系指在一段有限的时期内实施的一项或一系列有关使用自动或综合系统的实验，以便评价执行具体任务或满足本公约规定的特定安排的替代办法，这些替代办法所提供的安全和防污程度至少应与这些规则所提供者一样。
３．授权船舶参与试验的主管机关应确信进行试验所提供的安全和防污程度至少应与这些规则所提供者一样。这些试验应按照本组织通过的指南进行。
４．这类试验的详情应尽可能早地报告本组织，不应晚于计划开始试验之日前６个月。本组织应将这些详细资料散发给所有缔约国。
５．按照第１款授权的试验的结果和主管机关对这些结果可能提出的任何建议应报告本组织，本组织应将这些结果和建议散发给所有缔约国。
６．任何缔约国如对按本条授权的特定试验有反对意见，应尽早将这些反对意见通知本组织。本组织应将反对意见的详情散发给所有缔约国。
７．授权进行试验的主管机关应尊重其他主管机关对该试验的反对意见，指示有权悬挂其国旗的船舶在航行于向本组织提出反对意见的沿海国的领水时不进行试验。
８．主管机关如根据试验做出结论：某一特定系统所提供的安全和防污程度至少与这些规定所提供者同样，可授权有权悬挂其国旗的船舶在长期内继续使用这种系统营运，但应符合下述要求：
（ａ）在按照第５款提交了试验结果后，主管机关应向本组织提供任何这类授权的详情，包括指明可能获得该授权的具体船舶，以便由本组织将这些资料散发给所有缔约国；
（ｂ）按照本款授权的任何操作应按照本组织可能制订的指南，在与试验期同样的应用范围内实施；
（ｃ）这类操作应尊重按照第７款从其他主管机关收到的反对意见，只要这类反对未经撤销；和
（ｄ）按照本款授权的操作，只有在尊重此后海上安全委员会关于本公约的修正案是否适当和如适当，这种操作在修正案生效前是否应暂停或允许继续进行作出决定才能被允许。应任一缔约国的要求，海上安全委员会应确定审议试验结果和作出适当决定的日期。”

第Ⅱ章 船长——甲板部

第２条
附录 对２００总登记吨或以上船舶的船长和大副发证的最低知识要求
７．船舶操纵
在原有条款中：
（ｊ）以“救助艇或救生艇筏”代替“救生艇或救生筏”。
（ｋ）以“救助艇或救生艇筏”代替“救生艇或救生筏”。
８．船舶稳性构造和损害控制
在原有条款中：
（ｅ）以“本组织的建议案”代替“海协的建议案”。
１６．通信
以“无线电通信和视觉信号”代替小标题“通信”。
原（ｂ）和（ｃ）款修正如下：
“（ｂ）无线电通信使用程序的知识和使用无线电设备发送遇险、紧急、安全和航行信息的能力。
（ｃ）《无线电规则》规定的紧急遇险信号程序知识。”
１７．救生
以“救生艇筏、救助艇”代替原文中的“救生艇、救生筏”。
１８．搜寻和救助
删去原文中“海协”二字。
１９．表明熟习业务的方法
（ｆ）救生
以“救生艇筏、救助艇”代替原文中的“救生艇”。
第４条附录 对２００总登记吨或以上的船舶负责航行值班的
驾驶员发证的最低知识要求
１０．无线电话和视觉信号
以“无线电通信和视觉信号”代替小标题“无线电话和视觉信号”。
（ｃ）原有文字由下述代替：
“（ｃ）无线电通信使用程序的知识和使用无线电设备发送遇险、紧急、安全和航行信息的能力。”
１２．救生
原有文字由下述代替：
“组织弃船演习的能力和操作救生艇筏和救助艇及其降放设备和装置，包括无线电救生设备、卫星应急无线电示位标、救生服和保暖器具在内的设备的知识。海上求生技术的知识。”
１３．应急措施
原有文字由下述代替：
“国际劳工组织／国际海事组织《指导文件》最新版的有关附录中所列项目的知识。”
１６．英语
删去原有文字中“海协”二字。
２０．搜寻和救助
删去原有文字中“海协”二字。

第６条 对组成航行值班部分的一般船员的强制性最低要求
第２（ｄ）（ｖｉｉ）款的原有文字由下述代替：
“降落伞火箭信号、手持火焰信号和可浮烟火信号的知识；”
原第Ⅳ章由下述代替：

“第Ⅳ章 无线电人员

说明：
关于无线电值班的强制性规定，已订入《无线电规则》和经修正的《１９７４年国际海上人命安全公约》。关于无线电维修的规定，已订入经修正的《１９７４年国际海上人命安全公约》和本组织通过的指南。

第１条 适用范围
１．本章规定适用于在经修正的《１９７４年国际海上人命安全公约》规定的全球海上遇险安全系统中工作的船上无线电人员。
２．符合１９９２年２月１日前实施中的《１９７４年国际海上人命安全公约》规定的船舶无线电人员在１９９９年２月１日前应符合在１９９２年１２月１日前实施中的《１９７８年国际海员培训、发证和值班标准公约》的规定。

第２条 全球海上遇险安全系统无线电人员发证的强制性最低要求
１．在船上负责或执行无线电通信职责的每个无线电操作人员必须持有主管机关按《无线电规则》的规定颁发或承认的一种或几种适当的证书。
２．此外，经修正的《１９７４年国际海上人命安全公约》要求配备无线电设备的船舶的无线操作人员应：
（ａ）年龄不小于１８岁；
（ｂ）符合主管机关对体检的要求，特别是视力、听力和说话能力；
（ｃ）符合本条附录的要求。
３．要求每个证书应试者必须通过一种或几种考试，并使主管机关满意。
４．发证所要求的知识水平，应使无线电操作人员足以安全和有效地执行其无线电通信职责。取得《无线电规则》中规定的每种证书所需知识应符合该规则。此外，对《无线电规则》规定的各种证书，所要求的知识和培训应包括本条附录所列科目。在确定适当的知识水平和培训时，主管机关也应考虑本组织有关的建议案。

第２条附录 无线电人员最低附加知识和培训要求
１．除符合《无线电规则》颁发证书的要求外，无线电操作人员应该具有下述方面的知识和包括实际训练在内的培训：
（ａ）提供包括下述在内的紧急情况下的无线电业务：
（ｉ）弃船；
（ｉｉ）船舶失火；
（ｉｉｉ）无线电装置局部或全部损坏。
（ｂ）救生艇筏和救助艇及其设备，特别是无线电救生装置的操作；
（ｃ）海上求生；
（ｄ）急救；
（ｅ）防火和灭火，特别是无线电装置的防火和灭火；
（ｆ）与船舶和人员安全有关的无线电设备的危害的预防措施，包括电的、放射性的、化学的和机械的危害；
（ｇ）《商船搜寻和救助手册》（ＭＥＲＳＡＲ）的使用，特别是有关无线电通信部分；
（ｈ）船位报告系统和程序；
（ｉ）《国际信号规则》和《标准航海用语》的使用；
（ｊ）无线电医疗系统和程序。
２．主管机关可视情况改变第１款为向按照第Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅵ章规定颁发证书者颁发无线电操作人员证书所要求的知识和培训，但主管机关应确信为颁发证书所要求的培训标准或知识水平是适当的。

第３条 保证全球海上遇险安全系统无线电人员继续精通业务和掌握最新知识的强制性最低要求
１．要求每个持有主管机关颁发或承认的一种或几种证书的无线电操作人员，为了继续具备海上服务资格，在下述方面应使主管机关满意：
（ａ）每隔不超过５年的时间内，提供证明：身体健康，特别是视力、听力和说话能力；以及
（ｂ）专业能力，以下述方式表明：
（ｉ）在海船上从事无线电业务，一次中断不得超过５年；或
（ｉｉ）履行过与该级别证书相应任务的有关职责，这些职责至少被视为等同于第１（ｂ）
（ｉ）条中要求的海上服务；或
（ｉｉｉ）按照经修正的《１９７４年国际海上人命安全公约》和《无线电规则》，通过了经认可的考核或成功地完成了经认可的海上或岸上的培训课程，课程应包括与海上人命安全直接有关并适用于该人所持有的证书的内容。
２．当新的方式、设备或做法在有权悬挂某一缔约国国旗的船舶上成为强制性要求时，该主管机关可以要求无线电操作人员通过经认可的考核或成功地完成适当的海上或岸上的培训课程，特别是对于与安全有关的任务。
３．每个无线电操作人员为了继续具备资格在需有国际规定的特别培训要求的特定种类的船舶上从事海上服务，必须成功地完成经认可的有关培训或考试，这些培训和考试应该考虑有关的国际规则和建议案。
４．主管机关必须保证向悬挂其国旗的船舶提供有关无线电通信和海上人命安全的国际规则中的最新修改的文本。
５．鼓励主管机关与有关方面协商，视情为现职的，特别是为重返海上服务的无线电操作人员制定或促使制定一套完整的自愿或强制性的，海上或岸上的复习和进修课程。课程应包括与无线电工作直接有关的内容、海上无线电通信技术和有关的国际规则以及有关海上人命安全的建议案的变化。”

第Ⅵ章

第１条
现有标题由下述代替：
“关于颁发精通救生艇筏和救助艇业务证书的强制性最低要求”
（ｅ）原有（ｉｉｉ）至（ｖ）项、（ｖｉｉｉ）项和（ｉｘ）项由下代替：
“（ｉｉｉ）说出救生艇筏和救助艇所标的额定乘员数；
（ｉｖ）对降放和登乘救生艇筏和救助艇、驶离大船、操纵和离开救生艇筏和救助艇作出所要求的正确指挥；
（ｖ）准备并将救生艇筏和救助艇安全降放入水，迅速驶离大船船边；
（ｖｉｉｉ）使用信号设备，包括降落伞火箭信号、手持火焰信号和可浮烟火信号；
（ｉｘ）使用无线电救生装置；
（ｘ）穿上和使用救生服；使用保暖器具。”

第１条附录
原有２（ｃ）和（ｆ）改为：
“２．（ｃ）当应召至救生艇筏和救助艇处时应采取的行动；
（ｆ）在救生艇筏或救助艇上应采取的行动。”
原有的第５至第８款改为：
“５．救生艇筏和救助艇的构造和装备及其各项设备。
６．救生艇筏和救助艇的特性和设备。
７．用于降放救生艇筏和救助艇的各种装置。
８．将救生艇筏和救助艇放到大浪海面的方法。”
原有第１０款改为：
“１０．在恶劣天气下操纵救生艇筏和救助艇。”
原有第１５至１９款改为：
“１５．装在救生艇筏和救助艇上的无线电救生设备，包括卫星应急无线电示位标。
１６．低温影响和防护；防护复盖物及防护服的使用，包括救生服和保暖器具的使用。
１７．启动和操纵救生艇筏或救助艇发动机及附件的方法和所配灭火机的使用。
１８．使用救助艇和救生艇以集结救生筏和救助生还者与落海人员。
１９．救生艇筏和救助艇的抢滩。”


1991 AMENDMENTS TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON STANDARDS OFTRAINING, CERTIFICATION AND WATCHKEEPING FOR SEAFARERS, 1978

Whole document

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

Regulation I/1 Definitions
Replace the existing texts of paragraphs (k) and (1) by:
"(k) `Radio operator' means a person holding an appropriate certificate related to the global maritime distress and safety system issued or recognized by an Administration under the provisions of the Radio Regulations".
(p) Replace "IMCO recommendations" by "recommendations of the Organization".
(r) Delete "IMCO".
(s) Delete "IMCO".
Reletter paragraphs (k) to (s) as (k) to (r).

Regulation I/2 Content of certificates and form of endorsement
Amend the first line of paragraph 2 to read:
"In respect of radio operators, Administrations may:".

Regulation I/4 Control procedures
In paragraph 3, replace "radio officer" by "radio operator".
Add the following new regulation: "Regulation I/5 Conduct of trials
1. These regulations shall not prevent an Administration from authorizing ships entitled to fly its flag to participate in trials.
2. For the purposes of this regulation, the term `trial' means an experiment or series of experiments, conducted over a limited period, which may involve the use of automated or integrated systems in order to evaluate alternative methods of performing specific duties or satisfying particular arrangements prescribed by this Convention, which would provide at least the same degree of safety and pollution prevention as provided by these regulations.
3. The Administration authorizing ships to participate in trials shall be satisfied that such trials are conducted in a manner that provides at least the same degree of safety and pollution prevention as provided by these regulations. Such trials shall be conducted in accordance with guidelines adopted by the Organization.
4. Details of such trials shall be reported to the Organization as early as practicable but not less than six months before the date on which the trials are scheduled to commence. The Organization shall circulate uch particulars to all Parties.
5. The results of trials authorized under paragraph 1, and any recommendations the Administration may have regarding those results, shall be reported to the Organization which shall circulate such results and recommendations to all Parties.
6. Any Party having any objection to particular trials authorized in accordance with this regulation should communicate such objection to the Organization as early as practicable. The Organization shall circulate details of the objection to all Parties.
7. An Administration which has authorized a trial should respect objections received from other Administrations relating to such trial by directing ships entitled to fly its flag not to engage in a trial while navigating in the waters of a coastal State which has communicated its objection to the Organization.
8. An Administration which concludes, on the basis of a trial, that a particular system will provide at least the same degree of safety and pollution prevention as provided by these regulations may authorize ships entitled to fly its flag to continue to operate with such a system indefinitely, subject to the following requirements:
(a) the Administration shall, after results of the trial have been submitted in accordance with paragraph 5, provide details of any such authorization, including identification of the specific ships which may be subject to the authorization, to the Organization which will circulate this information to all Parties;
(b) any operations authorized under this paragraph shall be conducted in accordance with guidelines as may be developed by the Organization, to the same extent as they apply during a trial;
(c) such operations shall respect any objections received from Administrations in accordance with paragraph 7, to the extent such objections have not been withdrawn; and
(d) an operation authorized under this paragraph shall only be permitted pending a determination by the Maritime Safety Committee as to whether an amendment to the Convention would be appropriate, and, if so, whether the operation should be suspended or permitted to continue before the amendment enters into force. At the request of any Party, the Maritime Safety Committee shall establish a date for consideration of the trial results and for the appropriate determinations."

CHAPTER II MASTER-DECK DEPARTMENT APPENDIX TO REGULATION II/2
Minimum knowledge required for certification of masters and chief mates of ships of 200 gross register tons or more
7. Ship manoeuvring and handling
In the existing paragraph:
(j) Replace "boats or liferafts" by "rescue boats or survival craft".
(k) Replace "lifeboats or liferafts" by "rescue boats or survival craft".
8. Ship stability, construction and damage control
In the existing paragraph:
(e) Replace "IMCO recommendations" by "the recommendations of the Organization".
16. Communications
Replace subtitle "Communications" by "Radiocommunications and visual signalling".
Amend existing paragraphs (b) and (c) to read:
"(b) Knowledge of procedures used in radiocommunications and ability to use radio equipment for distress, urgency, safety and navigational messages.
(c) A knowledge of the procedures for emergency distress signals as prescribed in the Radio Regulations".
17. Life-saving
In the existing text, replace "lifeboats, liferafts" by "survival craft, rescue boats".
18. Search and rescue
In the existing text, delete "IMCO".
19. Methods of demonstration of proficiency
(f) Life-saving
In the existing text, replace "lifeboats" by "survival craft, rescue boats". APPENDIX TO REGULATION II/4 Minimum knowledge required for certification of officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 200 gross register tons or more
10. Radiotelephony and visual signalling
Replace the subtitle "Radiotelephony and visual signalling" by "Radiocommunications and visual signalling".
(c) Replace the existing text by:
"(c) Knowledge of procedures used in radiocommunications and ability to use radio equipment for distress, urgency, safety and navigational messages".
12. Life-saving
Replace the existing text by:
"Ability to organize abandon ship drills and knowledge of the operation of survival craft and rescue boats, their launching appliances and arrangements, and their equipment including radio beacons (EPIRBs), immersion suits and thermal protective aids. Knowledge of survival at sea techniques".
13. Emergency procedures
Replace the existing text by:
"Knowledge of the items listed in the appropriate appendix of the current edition of the ILO/IMO `Document for Guidance'".
16. English Language
In the existing text, delete "IMCO".
20. Search and rescue
In the existing text, delete "IMCO".

Regulation II/6 Mandatory minimum requirements for ratings formingpart of a navigational watch
Replace the existing text of subparagraph (2) (d) (vii) by:
"knowledge of rocket parachute flares, hand flares and buoyant smoke signals;".
Replace the existing chapter IV by: "CHAPTER IV RADIO PERSONNEL Explanatory note:
Mandatory provisions relating to radio watchkeeping are set forth in the Radio Regulations and in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended. Provisions for radio maintenance are set forth in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, and the guidelines adopted by the Organization.

Regulation IV/1 Application
1. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to radio personnel in a ship operating in the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) as prescribed by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended.
2. Until 1 February 1999, radio personnel on a ship complying with the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, in force prior to 1 February 1992, shall comply with the provisions of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, in force prior to 1 December 1992.

Regulation IV/2 Mandatory minimum requirements for certificationofGMDSS radio personnel
1. Every radio operator in charge of, or performing, radiocommunication duties on a ship shall hold an appropriate certificate or certificates issued or recognized by the Administration under the provisions of the Radio Regulations.
2. In addition, a radio operator on a ship which is required by the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, to have a radio installation shall:
(a) be not less than 18 years of age;
(b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight, hearing and speech;
(c) meet the requirements of the appendix to this regulation.
3. Every candidate for a certificate shall be required to pass an examination or examinations to the satisfaction of the Administration.
4. The level of knowledge required for certification shall be sufficient for radio operators to carry out their radiocommunication duties safely and efficiently. The knowledge required for obtaining each type of certificate defined in the Radio Regulations shall be in accordance with those Regulations. In addition, for all types of certificates defined in the Radio Regulations, the required knowledge and training shall include the subjects listed in the appendix to this regulation. In determining the appropriate level of knowledge and training, the Administration shall also take into account the relevant recommendations of the Organization. APPENDIX TO REGULATION IV/2 Minimum additional knowledge and training requirements for radio personnel
1. In addition to satisfying the requirements for the issue of a certificate in compliance with the Radio Regulations, radio operators shall have knowledge and training, including practical training, in the following:
(a) the provision of radio services in emergencies, including:
(i) abandon ship;
(ii) fire aboard ship;
(iii) partial or full breakdown of the radio installations;
(b) the operation of survival craft and rescue boats and their equipment, with special reference to radio life-saving appliances;
(c) survival at sea;
(d) first aid;
(e) fire prevention and fire-fighting, with particular reference to the radio installations;
(f) preventive measures for the safety of ship and personnel in connection with hazards related to radio equipment, including electrical, radiation, chemical and mechanical hazards;
(g) the use of the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual (MERSAR) with particular reference to radiocommunications;
(h) ship position-reporting systems and procedures;
(i) the use of the International Code of Signals and the Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary;
(j) radio medical systems and procedures.
2. The Administration may vary, as appropriate, the knowledge and training required by paragraph 1 for issue of a radio operator's certificate to a holder of a certificate issued under the provisions of chapters II, III or VI, provided the Administration is satisfied that the standard of training or level of knowledge for issue of the certificate held is adequate.

Regulation IV/3 Mandatory minimum requirements to ensure thecontinued proficiency and updating of knowledge for GMDSS radio personnel
1. Every radio operator holding a certificate or certificates issued or recognized by the Administration shall, in order to continue to qualify for seagoing service, be required to satisfy the Administration as to the following:
(a) medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight, hearing and speech, at regular intervals not exceeding five years; and
(b) professional competence:
(i) by performing radio service in a seagoing ship with no single interruption exceeding five years; or
(ii) by virtue of having performed functions relating to the duties appropriate to the grade of certificate held which are considered to be at least equivalent to the seagoing service required in paragraph 1(b) (i); or
(iii) by passing an approved test or successfully completing an approved training course or courses at sea or ashore which shall include those elements which are of direct relevance to the safety of life at sea, and which are applicable for the certificate that the person is holding, in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, and the Radio Regulations.
2. When new modes, equipment or practices are to become mandatory aboard ships entitled to fly the flag of a Party, the Administration may require radio operators to pass an approved test or successfully complete an appropriate training course or courses, at sea or ashore, with particular reference to safety duties.
3. Every radio operator, in order to continue to qualify for seagoing service on board particular types of ships for which special training requirements have been internationally agreed upon, shall successfully complete approved relevant training or examinations which shall take into account relevant international regulations and recommendations.
4. The Administration shall ensure that the texts of recent changes in international regulations relating to radiocommunications and relevant to the safety of life at sea are available to ships entitled to fly its flag.
5. Administrations are encouraged, in consultation with those concerned, to formulate or promote the formulation of a structure of refresher and updating courses, either voluntary or mandatory, as appropriate, at sea or ashore, for radio operators who are serving at sea and especially for re-entrants to seagoing service. The course or courses should include elements that are of direct relevance to radio duties and include changes in marine radiocommunication technology and relevant international regulations and recommendations concerning the safety of life at sea."

CHAPTER VI

Regulation VI/1 Mandatory minimum requirements for the issue ofcertificates of proficiency in survival craft and rescue boats
Replace the existing heading by: "Mandatory minimum requirements for the issue of certificates of proficiency in survival craft and rescue boats"
(e) Replace the existing subparagraphs (iii) to (v) and (viii) and (ix) by:
"(iii) interpret the markings on survival craft and rescue boats with respect to the number of persons they are permitted to carry;
(iv) make the correct commands required for launching and boarding the survival craft and rescue boats, clearing the ship and handling and disembarking from the survival craft or rescue boat;
(v) prepare and launch survival craft and rescue boats safely into the water and clear the ship's side quickly;
(viii) use signalling equipment including rocket parachute flares, hand flares and buoyant smoke signals;
(ix) use radio life-saving appliances;
(x) don and use an immersion suit; use a thermal protective aid".

APPENDIX TO REGULATION VI/1
Replace the existing text of paragraph 2 (c) and (f) by:
"2. (c) actions to be taken when called to survival craft and rescue boat stations;
(f) actions to be taken when aboard a survival craft or rescue boat."
Replace the existing text of paragraphs 5 to 8 by:
"5. Construction and outfit of survival craft and rescue boats and individual items of their equipment.
6. Particular characteristics and facilities of survival craft and rescue boats.
7. Various types of devices used for launching survival craft and rescue boats.
8. Methods of launching survival craft and rescue boats into a rough sea."
Replace the existing text of paragraph 10 by:
"10. Handling survival craft and rescue boats in rough weather."
Replace the existing text of paragraphs 15 to 19 by:
"15. Radio life-saving appliances carried in survival craft and rescue
boats, including satellite emergency position-indicating radio beacons.
16. Effects of hypothermia and its prevention; use of protective covers and protective garments including immersion suits and thermal protective aids.
17. Methods of starting and operating a survival craft or rescue boat engine and its accessories together with the use of fire extinguisher provided.
18. Use of rescue boats and lifeboats for marshalling liferafts and rescue of survivors and persons in the sea.
19. Beaching survival craft and rescue boats."